Building on the theoretical premise that identity is a multilayered and dynamic category—shaped, among other factors, by long-term historical experience, cultural practices, and everyday interactions—this work package has been developed. The selected historical studies within the package examine processes and experiences that collective communities subsequently internalize as components of their identity narratives. These multilayered factors, anchored within Mediterranean and Central European frameworks, have indirectly shaped the formation of contemporary Croatian national and regional identity, now recognized as a product of this historical heritage.